Different Cleaning Techniques for Removal of Iron stain from Archaeological Bone Artifacts: A Review

Archaeological bone artifacts are found in different locations Egypt, and they represent multiple values that should be preserved from deterioration factors. Iron contamination is considered one of the most aspects for bones extracted excavation areas. This study aims to make an integrated first time on formation iron rust stain archaeological bones, explain mechanism its deterioration, traditional advanced techniques cleaning used removal, presents analysis investigations or evaluate materials methods this process. The nature effect components were explained. (mechanical, chemical, laser, plasma) removing it discussed. Some analyses [such as types microscopes, X-ray fluorescence, Atomic absorption, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, etc.] can process mentioned. results confirmed present within sediments lead breakdown collagen. It cause increase porosity artifacts. Hydroxyapatite undergo alterations such ionic exchange, cationic substitution phosphate with carbonate. All have many advantages some disadvantages. choice method depends condition size piece, thickness stain.